Structure of leaves and flowers

Leaves primarily make food for plants. They can also protect the plant and attract pollinators, like in cornus ( a genus of species of wooded plants). A leaf usually has a stalk called a petiole and a flat part called the leaf blade or lamina.

Some plants, like tulips and daffodils, have leaves without a petiole, while others, like certain oaks, have leaves that attach directly to the stem (sessile). Leaves can be simple (one leaf) or compound (multiple leaflets) and may have various shapes. The tip of the leaf is called the apex, the bottom is the base, and the edge is the margin.

Margins can be smooth or serrated, and leaves can be hairy or hairless (glabrous). Stipules, small outgrowths, are often found in the rose family. Leaves vary in size and colour, with small leaves at the top and larger ones at the base. Deciduous trees change colour in autumn.

Leaf arrangement on the stem can be alternate, opposite, or in clusters. Some leaves appear as if the stem goes through them (perfoliate).

In winter, leaf buds help identify trees. These buds can also vary in arrangement, size, shape, colour, and the number of scales.

 

Flowers

Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants, designed to attract pollinators. They usually consist of four main parts arranged in whorls:

1. Calyx - the outer layer of sepals that protect the bud.

2. Corolla - the layer of petals that encloses the reproductive organs that attracts pollinators.

3. Androecium - the male part made of stamens. ( The male fertilizing organ of the flower)

4. Gynoecium - the female part made of carpels (reproductive organ of the female)

Flowers can be perfect (having both male and female parts) or imperfect (only male or female). Plants can be dioecious (male and female on separate plants) or monoecious (both on one plant).

Pistillate flowers only contain  female parts the pistil which is made up of the ovary, stigma( receptive tip of the carpel) and style ( part of the flower structure that has the ovary and stigma of a flower).

Staminate flowers only  contain male parts the stamens.

Flowers can grow singly or in clusters called inflorescences, which are specifically arranged to attract pollinators.

Sepals protect the flower bud and can be free or fused. Some flowers, like the common poppy, shed their sepals after blooming, while others, like flax, retain them.

Petals protect reproductive parts and lure pollinators. The calyx and corolla are together called the perianth.

The androecium has stamens, which consist of an anther (producing pollen) and a filament. The gynoecium includes carpels, which contain a stigma, style, and ovary—where fertilized ovules develop into seeds and the ovary itself becomes fruit.

The stigma is a sticky surface that captures pollen, facilitating fertilization.

A diagram that might help you.